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New drug cocktail shows promise in treating hepatitis C

Final Version, Maracaibo, 03/04/2011

A cocktail of three drugs, including one new-the-boceprevir was more effective current therapies against hepatitis C, chronic viral disease of the liver that can lead to cancer, according to results of a clinical trial released Wednesday.

"This study represents a significant advance. Potentially achieve cure people with hepatitis C unresponsive to existing therapies, "said Stuart Gordon, one of the hepatology service charge of Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit (Michigan, northern USA) and coauthor of the study.

Thus, "we will soon have a new standard treatment for patients suffering from hepatitis C," he added, noting that this study paves the way for "a new era in the development of antiviral drugs to treat Hepatitis C " against which no vaccine.

The results of this clinical trial were published in the journal New England Journal of Medicine on 31 March.

For this study, doctors treated more than 1,000 patients in several countries including the United States and Canada, with the therapy used today and that is a combination of Peginterferon and Ribavirin ( Rebetol) for four weeks.

A control group continued to receive only Peginterferon and Ribavirin for 44 weeks, while a second group continued to receive this treatment plus boceprevir for 32 weeks.

A third group received the same three-drug therapy for 44 weeks.

Participants in both groups treated with boceprevir showed substantially higher rates of sustained viral response, ie disappearance of the virus in the blood.

This rate was 59% and 66% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, versus 21% in the control group.

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Influenza, Influenza H1N1, symptoms and precautions, Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine

VIRUS

This disease is caused by hepatitis A, B and C influenza. C virus causes a disease very light and does not cause outbreaks or epidemics. In contrast viruses A and B if they can cause such events. A virus can infect humans and animals and is responsible for large outbreaks that occur annually around the world while the B virus causes outbreaks reduced.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS.

All influenza viruses type A, including those that regularly cause seasonal epidemics in humans, are genetically labile and well adapted to evade host defenses. Influenza viruses lack mechanisms for proofreading and repair of errors that occur during genetic replication. As a result of these uncorrected errors, the genetic makeup of the viruses changes as they replicate in humans and animals, and the original strain is replaced by a new antigenic variant. These constant changes and usually small antigenic composition of influenza A virus is what is called Antigenic "drift". The tendency of influenza viruses to undergo frequent and permanent antigenic changes necessitates constant monitoring of the global disease situation and annual adjustments in the composition of vaccines. Both activities are a cornerstone of WHO's Global Program against Influenza since its inception in 1947. Influenza viruses have a second characteristic of interest in public health: the strain of influenza A, including subtypes from different species, can swap or "recombine" its genetic material and fuse. This reassortment process, known as "shift" (change) antigen, results in a novel subtype different from both parent viruses. As populations have no immunity to the new subtype, and without a vaccine that confers protection against him, antigenic shift has taken place throughout history in highly lethal pandemics. For this to happen, the novel subtype needs to have genes from the human influenza virus which could transmit easily from one person to another during periods sustainable.

DISEASE

viruses spread by air when a patient talks, coughs or sneezes, other people may become infected by breathing air contaminated with the virus or when a person touches something object contaminated with the virus and then touching their mouth or nose. Infected people can spread the virus from one or two days before you feel sick and continue to excrete virus for up to 7 days later. In the case of children can transmit the virus even several days.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The disease is characterized by sudden onset, high fever (over 39 º C), headache, fatigue, cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, severe muscle pain and malaise. In children may have nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

DIAGNOSIS

Respiratory illness caused by influenza is difficult to distinguish from other diseases caused by other pathogens based solely on the symptoms, making it necessary to rely on laboratory study which is to take a throat swab for culture and demonstrate the existence of the virus.

TREATMENT

is only symptomatic treatment, antibiotics should not be used since these are used to kill bacteria, not viruses. There are some medications that can be used in patients with influenza. These are amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. The first two are only effective against type A virus The action of these medications allows the patient's recovery, cutting his convalescence in about one or two days if they are administered within 48 hours of onset of the disease. These drugs are commonly used sensitive and should only be prescribed by medical personnel.

VACCINATION

The most effective measure for preventing influenza and reducing complications of the disease is vaccination . This vaccine should not apply to persons allergic to egg protein or prior severe reaction to vaccination or who have had Guillain-Barré syndrome within six months prior to vaccination.

preferably should be vaccinated :

• Children between 6 and 23 months of age.

• Children over 2 years, adolescents and adults with immune compromise, respiratory problems, heart disease, metabolic disease or kidney problems.

• high-risk pregnant (adolescents, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, eclampsia, multiparous) who are in the third trimester of pregnancy.

• Adults over 65 years.

PREVENTION

• warmly and avoid sudden temperature changes.
• Eating well and eating plenty of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C (carrot, papaya or papaya, guava, orange, lime, lemon, mandarin, pineapple, etc.).
• After contact with nasal secretions own or another person, wash your hands with soap and water or alcohol gel sanitizer.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth as much as possible.
• Stay away from sick people.
• enough sleep, exercise, manage stress, drink plenty of fluids.
• Avoid exposure to environmental pollutants.
• No smoke indoors or around children, the elderly and sick people.

• When coughing or sneezing should cover his mouth with a tissue, then place them in safe places.
• not share food, cups or cutlery.
• Ventilate and allow the entry of sun into the house, offices and all enclosed places.
• If respiratory secretions fall on any surface should be cleaned with water and bleach or soap.
• not take children to places with large crowds and not allow to kiss or hug ill adults to minors.
• vaccinated against seasonal influenza, to avoid becoming infected with one of the types in circulation and facilitate the doctor's diagnosis.

VACCINE

Each year the World Health Organization through the worldwide network of influenza (FluNet) formed by the reference laboratories worldwide monitors presence of circulating virus and makes the development of vaccines that will be used each year because the virus changes each one hemisphere. The influenza vaccine is grown in embryonated chicken eggs and usually consists of three viruses are those that cause the greatest annual number of cases in the world are both a type A and type B.

To read electronically the document issued by the UN, click HERE